{"id":53351,"date":"2023-12-14T21:14:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T12:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/?p=53351&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=53351"},"modified":"2023-12-18T17:38:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T08:38:17","slug":"startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/blog\/startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7CTO\u306b\u6367\u3050PostgreSQL\u30d5\u30eb\u6d3b\u7528\u306e\u30b3\u30c4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\uff09\u3092\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u3052\u3001PostgreSQL\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u2500\u3068\u3082\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u3093\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u5927\u5909\u306a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u9078\u629e\u4f5c\u696d\uff09\u306f\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u3001\u697d\u3057\u3044\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u5e55\u958b\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u3084\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001PostgreSQL\u3092\u9577\u671f\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5927\u4e8b\u306a\uff08\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\uff09\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div><\/div><kinsta-auto-toc heading=\"Table of Contents\" exclude=\"last\" list-style=\"arrow\" selector=\"h2\" count-number=\"-1\"><\/kinsta-auto-toc>\n<h2>PGBouncer\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fPostgreSQL\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/h2>\n<p>\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3001PostgreSQL\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/connect-estab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u63a5\u7d9a<\/a>\u3054\u3068\u306bOS\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/connect-estab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5225\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/a>\u3092\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u7834\u68c4\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3084\u3001\u300c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002max_connections\u306e\u6570\u3092<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/runtime-config-connection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u624b\u52d5<\/a>\u3067\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.blog\/2020\/10\/14\/improve-database-performance-with-connection-pooling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/a><\/strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b \u300c\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u300d\u3057\u3001 \u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5207\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b<strong>\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/strong>\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30b5\u30fc\u30c9\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002PostgreSQL\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgbouncer.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PGBouncer<\/a><\/strong>\u304c\u4ee3\u8868\u683c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8efd\u91cf\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgbouncer.org\/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b<\/a>\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgbouncer.org\/features.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306f3\u3064\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb<\/a>\u304b\u3089\u9078\u629e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u7121\u671f\u9650\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9593\u305a\u3063\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c1\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u9593\u6301\u7d9a\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u30d7\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u623b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c1\u3064\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u3067\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u5207\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8981\u4ef6\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<aside role=\"note\" class=\"wp-block-kinsta-notice is-style-info\">\n            <h3>Info<\/h3>\n        <p>\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u30b5\u30fc\u30c9\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4efb\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff08\u53c2\u7167\uff1aPGBouncer\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b<a href=\"https:\/\/groups.google.com\/g\/django-developers\/c\/NwY9CHM4xpU\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306eDjango\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u30b9\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9<\/a>\uff09\u3001Rails\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/api.rubyonrails.org\/classes\/ActiveRecord\/ConnectionAdapters\/ConnectionPool.html\">\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306e\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30eb\u6a5f\u80fd<\/a>\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n\n<h3>\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ab0\u3082\u304c\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3053\u3061\u3089\u2500\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u306f<strong>\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/strong>\u3069\u3046\u304b<strong>\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/blog\/scaling-postgresql-with-pgbouncer-you-may-need-a-connection-pooler-sooner-than-you-expect\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Percona<\/a>\u306f\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3001PGBouncer\u304c\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u540c\u6642\u63a5\u7d9a\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\uff08&lt;60\uff09\u3001PGBouncer\u306f\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30011\u79d2\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6570\uff08TPS\uff09\u306b\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001100\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3059\u308b\u9803\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u4e0a\u306e\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure>\n<p><figure style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pgbouncer.png\" alt=\"PGBouncer\" width=\"612\" height=\"371\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PGBouncer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3059\u3050\u306b\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u51e6\u7406\u6570\u304c\u5897\u3048\u305f\u6642\u306e\uff08\u4f4e\/\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\uff09\u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001PGBouncer\u3092\u3046\u307e\u304f\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>PostgreSQL\u306e\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3<\/h2>\n<p>\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6570\u9031\u9593\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e381\u4eba\u304b2\u4eba\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8005\u304c\u7a7a\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u3092\u4e16\u306b\u9001\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u9803\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/7.0\/security.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5f37\u5316\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>\u306f\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u5236\u9650<\/h3>\n<p>\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002PostgreSQL\u3067\u306f2\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb<\/strong>\uff1a\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u6a29\u3092\u6301\u3064IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb<\/strong>\uff1a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>PGDATA\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/auth-pg-hba-conf.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>pg_hba.conf<\/strong><\/a>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u3069\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u5834\u6240\u3067\u7a3c\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u306eTCP\/IP\u7d4c\u7531\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4fe1\u983c\nhost all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5358\u306b\u300c\u3053\u306e\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u4fe1\u983c\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/client-authentication.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u8a8d\u8a3c<\/a>\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304b\u3089ID\u3001\u8a3c\u660e\u66f8\u307e\u3067\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001RDS\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306fKinsta\uff09\u306e\u5229\u4fbf\u6027\u306b\u983c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u3073\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u4e0a\u3067\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001TCP\/IP\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/runtime-config-connection.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unix\u30bd\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b<\/a>\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8a8d\u8a3c\u3068\u6a29\u9650<\/h3>\n<p>\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u8a8d\u8a3c\u306e\u6b21\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6a29\u9650\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002SQL\u3067\u306f\u6a29\u9650\u4f53\u7cfb\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001PostgreSQL\u306e\u5404\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3001\u884c\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6a29\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u2500<code>SELECT<\/code>\u3084<code>UPDATE<\/code>\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001<code>TRUNCATE<\/code>\u3001<code>REFERENCES<\/code>\u3001<code>TRIGGER<\/code>\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306b\u306f<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-grant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GRANT<\/a><\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u306f\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u884c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3<\/h3>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u306e\u306f <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/ddl-rowsecurity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u884c\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3<\/a><\/strong>\uff08RLS\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\uff08\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff09\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u89b3\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3084\u66f4\u65b0\u306a\u3069\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u884c\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067RLS\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306f\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30fc\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u305f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306eRLS\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE [table_name] ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30fc\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<strong>lightsaber_internals<\/strong>\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u3001\u65e2\u306b<strong>jedi<\/strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3001\u300c\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u30bb\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u300d\u3060\u3051\u304c\u305d\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE lightsaber_internals ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY\nCREATE POLICY jedi_only ON lightsaber_internals TO jedi\n    USING (jedi = lightsaber_jedi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aRLS\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\uff08PII\u2500\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u7279\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u2500\u3092\u542b\u3080\u72b6\u6cc1\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3067\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u79c1\u304c\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u304d\u305f\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u4f01\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u624b\u52d5\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3042\u308b\u65e5\u306e\u671d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002Datadog\u3067PostgreSQL\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306e\u8b66\u544a\u304c\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30b7\u30c7\u30f3\u30c8\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u3057\u3001\u7d50\u5c40\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u5bb9\u91cf\u3092\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3001\u307e\u305f\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u307e\u3067\u5f85\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08\u6b21\u306fRAM\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\uff09\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e8b\u614b\u306b\u5148\u624b\u3092\u6253\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u76e3\u8996\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7<\/h3>\n<p>\u79c1\u304c\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4f1a\u793e\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.datadoghq.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Datadog<\/a>\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30c9\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001Datadog\u306e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u306f\u4f55\u3068\u304b\u306a\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002Datadog\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.datadoghq.com\/blog\/postgresql-monitoring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0<\/a>\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u66f8\u304d\u30b9\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u30b7\u30fc\u30b1\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306a\u3069\u3001\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4e3b\u306a\u6307\u6a19\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3057\u305f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.datadoghq.com\/blog\/postgresql-monitoring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u512a\u308c\u305f\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u5782\u76f4\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642-\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u306f\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046-\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u907f\u3051\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u624b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3002\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3084\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u9665\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5185\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. autovacuum\u306e\u30d0\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u3068\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0<\/h3>\n<p>PostgreSQL\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092<code>DELETE<\/code> \u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f<code>UPDATE<\/code> \uff08\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306b\u306f\u524a\u9664\u3068\u633f\u5165\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.2ndquadrant.com\/en\/blog\/autovacuum-tuning-basics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u305d\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u3059\u3050\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/a>\uff08\ud83d\ude31\uff09\u3002\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001<strong>xmax<\/strong>\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u306b\u524a\u9664\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b6\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3ID\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u300c\u8a18\u9332\u300d\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001PostgreSQL\u306eMVCC\u3092\u3088\u308a\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u300c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u524a\u9664\u300d\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u884c\u304c\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u9818\u57df\u3092\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3057\u3001\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-vacuum.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">VACUUM<\/a><\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u884c\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u624b\u52d5\u3067\u30d0\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001x\u5206\u3054\u3068\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u6570\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u81ea\u52d5\u3067\u30d0\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u52d5\u30d0\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5916\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u30012ndQuadrant\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.2ndquadrant.com\/en\/blog\/autovacuum-tuning-basics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>\u3092\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\u30ec\u30d7\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7<\/h3>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306a\u65bd\u7b56\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u304c\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff08\u30ed\u30fc\u30f3\u30c1\u304c\u8fd1\u3044\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u30ec\u30d7\u30ea\u30ab\u3092\u8907\u6570\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6700\u4f4e\u3067\u3082\u4e00\u3064\uff09\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30ec\u30d7\u30ea\u30ab\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u7406\u7531\u3067\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306eDBaaS\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3067\u3001\u30ec\u30d7\u30ea\u30ab\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3001\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u5c02\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3DB\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u4fa1\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\uff08\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u6700\u5927\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3092\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3001\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u554f\u984c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002PostgreSQL\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-createindex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CREATE INDEX<\/a><\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3078\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08\u3053\u308c\u306f<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-explain.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EXPLAIN<\/a><\/code>\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL\u3067\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306f<strong>B\u6728\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>CREATE INDEX<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u306b\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u3067\u3053\u308c\u304c\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3044\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u884c\u3078\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092\u683c\u7d0d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u304c\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30d0\u30a4\u30ca\u30ea\u691c\u7d22\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30c4\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/btree-implementation.html\">PostgreSQL\u306e\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u697d\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3070\u304b\u308a\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u6570\u3084\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6e1b\u3058\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-createindex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PostgreSQL\u306e\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">\u300c\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u306e\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u8aa4\u308b\u3068\u4f4e\u901f\u5316\u3092\u62db\u304f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300d\uff08\u539f\u6587\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001PostgreSQL\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3078\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30eb\u30c3\u30af\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u304c\u591a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3057\u3001INSERT\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3001\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u304a\u307e\u3051\u2500PostgreSQL\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30c9\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u62e1\u5f35\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/15\/external-extensions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8<\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002SQL\u3068C\u304b\u3089\u62e1\u5f35\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u30012\u30013\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/joelonsql\/e5aa27f8cc9bd22b8999b7de8aee9d47#file-postgresql-extensions-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\/\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u62e1\u5f35\u6a5f\u80fd<\/a>\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u3082\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3001\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u3089\u958b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3050\u3055\u307e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5b9f\u88c5\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u9ad8\u3044PostgreSQL\u62e1\u5f35\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Timescale<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.timescale.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Timescale<\/a>\u306f\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6271\u3046\u306e\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\u306aPostgreSQL\u62e1\u5f35\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u3092\uff08\u304b\u306a\u308a\uff09\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u3057\u3001\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001Timescale\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.timescale.com\/self-hosted\/latest\/install\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/a>\u306f\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u306b\u5024\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>PostGIS<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/postgis.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PostGIS<\/a>\u306f\u5730\u7406\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30b4\u30f3\u3001\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u4f5c\u6210\u3001\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092PostgreSQL\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30d7\u30ed\u30d0\u30a4\u30c0\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408PostGIS\u304c\u30d7\u30ea\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/postgis.net\/documentation\/getting_started\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3067\u305d\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>pg_stat_staements<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/pgstatstatements.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pg_stat_statements<\/a>\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u4e0a\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7d71\u8a08\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3092PostgreSQL\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5024\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3001\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30d2\u30c3\u30c8\u6570\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u6570\u306a\u3069\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08\u8a0844\u306e\u5217\u3042\u308a\uff09\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/rcanepa\/535163dc249539912c25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb<\/a>\u306f\u3001.conf\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u518d\u8d77\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5b8c\u4e86\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>pg_audit<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgaudit.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pg_audit<\/a>\u306f\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u76e3\u67fb\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4f01\u696d\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95a2\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u95a2\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002log_statement=all\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001PostgreSQL\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5168\u3066\u306estatement\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u691c\u7d22\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\uff09\u3002pg_audit\u306fPostgreSQL\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u30ed\u30b0\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u76e3\u67fb\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pgaudit\/pgaudit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL\u306f\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\uff08\u305d\u3057\u3066<a href=\"https:\/\/clearbit.com\/resources\/books\/data-driven-marketing\/b2b-seo-content-that-ranks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308b<\/a>\uff09\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3059\u3002Kinsta\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u3054\u7d4c\u9a13\u304b\u3089\u601d\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u6b04\u3067\u304a\u805e\u304b\u305b\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\uff08\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4f1a\u793e\uff09\u3092\u7acb\u3061\u4e0a\u3052\u3001Postgre &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":310,"featured_media":53352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kinsta_gated_content":false,"_kinsta_gated_content_redirect":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"topic":[800],"class_list":["post-53351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topic-postgresql"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.6 (Yoast SEO v24.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7CTO\u306b\u6367\u3050PostgreSQL\u30d5\u30eb\u6d3b\u7528\u306e\u30b3\u30c4 | Kinsta\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u6a5f\u80fd\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001Postgres\u3092\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/blog\/startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7CTO\u306b\u6367\u3050PostgreSQL\u30d5\u30eb\u6d3b\u7528\u306e\u30b3\u30c4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u6a5f\u80fd\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001Postgres\u3092\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/blog\/startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kinsta\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Kinsta-Japan-334616080691171\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-14T12:14:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-18T08:38:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/the-startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Justin Gage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u6a5f\u80fd\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u307e\u3067\u3001Postgres\u3092\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30d2\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/12\/the-startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Kinsta_JP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Kinsta_JP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u57f7\u7b46\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Justin Gage\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2\u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/blog\/startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kinqsta.com\/jp\/blog\/startup-ctos-handbook-to-running-on-postgres\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Justin 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